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Range of Motion Exercises: How to Perform Passive ROM Safely and Correctly

Passive range of motion exercises help move a person’s joints through their normal motions when they cannot do so independently. To perform them safely, wash your hands, explain the care, raise the bed to a safe working height, protect the person’s privacy, and support each limb throughout the movement. Exercises should be done gently and smoothly, working through the upper body and then the lower body, including the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, thumb, fingers, hip, knee, ankle, and toes. Caregivers should avoid forcing movement, moving too quickly, or failing to support the joint. After the exercises, the person should be covered, repositioned comfortably, the bed lowered, the call light placed within reach, and hand hygiene and documentation completed.

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How to Assist With Passive Range of Motion Exercises Safely and Correctly

Passive range of motion exercises help maintain flexibility, comfort, and joint mobility for people who cannot move certain joints on their own. To perform them safely, wash your hands, position the person comfortably on their back, raise the bed to a safe working height, and only exercise the joints listed in the care plan. Move from the top of the body downward, complete one side before the other, support each joint fully, and repeat each motion five times using slow, smooth movements. Never force movement through pain, tightness, or resistance. When finished, return the person to a comfortable position, check their safety, and wash your hands.

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